Fix the wing airplane flies the principle brief introduction
Fly the principle brief introduction( a)

  Flight principle that toes understand the airplane must constitute of an airplane of prophet and effect, the rise of airplane dint is how etc. for produce problem.These problems will be divided into a few parts of synopsises to explain in detail.
A, fly of mainly constitute the part and effects
So far, in addition to a handful of airplanes of special form, most irplanes all from the plane wing, fuselage of airplane, tail wing, rise and fall to equip to equip five main parts to constitute with motive:
  1. The main effect of the plane wing- plane wing is a creation to rise the dint, with support the airplane flies in the sky, also rise arrive certain of stability and operation function.The general gearing contain vice- wing and wing of 襟s, manipulate the vice- wing and can make airplane roll turn, let go of the wing of 襟 and can make rise the dint aggrandizement on the plane wing.Can also install to launch the machine and rise and fall and fuel tank etc.s on the plane wing.The airplane its plane wing shape, size of different use is also each to have the dissimilarity.
  2. The main effect of the fuselage of airplane- fuselage of airplane is to load the passenger, traveller, weapon, goods and various equipments, other partses of the airplane such as:Plane wing, the tail wing and launch the machine etc. the conjunction become a whole.
  3. The tail wing- tail wing includes the level tail wing and rudder and speed brakes.The level tail wing is stabilize by the fixed level to face to constitute with movable rise and fall rudder, the high-speed airplane that have becomes the level stabilizes to face and ascend and descend the rudder to match for the integral whole all to move the even tail.The perpendicular stability that rudder and speed brake includes to fix face and movable direction rudder.The function of the tail wing is to manipulate the airplane 俯仰 and deflect, guaranteeing the steady flight of the airplane ability.
  4.Rise and fall the device- the rise and fall of airplane mostly from reduce the earthquake to pay the pillar and the machine rounds to constitute, the function is a take-off and lands to slip to run, ground skidding and park prop up the airplane.
  5.The motive equip- the motive equip main use to produce to pull the dint and push the dint, make airplane go forward.
  On the airplane in addition to these five main parts, operate and carry out the demand of the mission according to the airplane, still have various appearance, communication equipments and navigate other equipmentses of equipments, provisions for security...etc..
Two, the rise of airplane dint and resistances
  The airplane is is heavy in the aircraft of the air, being the airplane to fly in the sky, will produce the function in the air motive of the airplane, the airplane is to is go up the sky by the air motive to fly of.Before understand the creation that the airplane rises the dint and resistance, we also need to know the characteristic of the air current, namely basic regulation of the air current.The flowing air is a current of air, a kind of fluid, here we want to quote from two fluid axiomses:Continuous sex axioms and the benefit axioms of 伯努
  Continuous sex axioms of the fluid:When the fluid consecution continuously but flow through stability a thick thin not the piping that wait, because piping in any the fluids of the part can\'t break off or squeeze, so in same time, flow into the any quantity that slice the fluid of the noodles and from another the whole noodles run off of fluid quantity is equal.
  The continuous sex axioms elaborated the fluid at flow the midstream to slice the relation between noodles with piping soon.The fluid not only current velocity and pipings slice the face reading to contact with each other, and of the current velocity and pressure but also contacts mutually in the fluxion.The 伯努  benefit axioms be to elaborate that the fluid flow at flow the midstream soon and of pressure of relation.
  Basic contents of the 伯努  benefit axioms:Fluid at a piping midstream move, the current velocity  pressure of the big place is small, the current velocity  pressure of the small place is big.
  The rise of airplane  dint overwhelming majority are to be produce by the plane wing, the tail wing usually produces to take to rise the dint, airplane other the part rises the dint outputly very small, take no account of generally.From top diagram we can see:The air flows ex- good luck in plane wing, be divided into up, next two current of air, follow the plane wing respectively up, descend the surface to flow through, after plane wing the good luck re- remits to match to flow backward.The surface relatively bulges on the plane wing, flowing the tube thinner, explain that the current velocity speed, the pressure lower.But plane wing next surface, the current of air gets difficulty to block the function, flowing the tube to become thick, the current velocity reduce slowly, the pressure enlarge.Here we quoted from above-mentioned two axiomseses.Hence plane wing up, bottom the surface appeared the pressure bad, perpendicularity in opposite current of air the total that pressure differ of the direction is a plane wing to rise the dint.Thus heavy ask for help in the airplane of the air the plane wing acquires up of rise to beat to take the oneself to become because of the Earth gravitation of gravity, thus the hover is on the blue sky.
  The plane wing rises the function that the creation of the dint mainly depends up the surface vacuum force, not depend positive pressure of surface of function, the vacuum force of the surface formation has on the general plane wing total rise 60-80% of the dint or so, descend the just press of the surface rise of formation dint have only total rise the dint of 20-40% is or so.
  The airplane fly up in the air there will be various resistance, the resistance exercises with the airplane contrary air motive of direction, it baffling airplane of headway, here we also need to have the understanding to it.The reason that press the resistance creation can is divided in to rub the resistance, press the bad resistance and induce the resistance and interference resistances.
  1.One of the physics characteristics that rubs the resistance- air is to glue sex.When the air flows through the airplane surface, because of gluing sex, the air rubs with the airplane surface occurrence, producing a dint that obstructs the airplane headway, this dint is to rub the resistance.Rub the size of the resistance, decide to glue sex in the air, the surface condition of the airplane, and together the airplane surface that air mutually get in touch with accumulate.The air glues sex more big, the airplane surface is more rough, the airplane surface accumulate more big, rub the resistance more big.
  2.Press the bad resistance- person to run about in against the wind, will feel the function of the resistance, this is a kind of to press the bad resistance.This kind of from in front and back pressure the resistance of the bad formation call press the bad resistance.The fuselage of airplane, the tail wing of the airplane etc. the partses will produce to press the bad resistance.
  3.Induce the resistance- rise the dint creation to return at the same time is additional to the airplane a kind of resistance.This kind of resistance that rises the dint but inducements to come out because of the creation is called the inducement resistance, is airplane for the creation rises the dint but pays of a kind of" price".It produce to compare with complications, process here not at know well to tell.
  4.The interference resistance- it is an output kind of additional resistance of each part of airplane because the current of air is mutually interference.The easy creation of this kind of resistance is in the fuselage of airplane and plane wing, fuselage of airplanes and tail wing, plane wings and launch the machine of the short cabin, plane wing and vice- fuel tank.
  Above four kinds of resistanceses are to the low speed airplane, as for high-speed airplane, in addition to also having these resistances, will still produce a 阻 to wait other resistances.
Three, affect the factor of rise the dint and resistance
  Rise the dint and resistances are airplanes in opposite sport between air in output.The influence rises the basic factor of the dint and resistance to have:The plane wing is in the current of air of the speed and the air densities of the opposite position( face the Cape), current of airs and the characteristics of the airplane.( airplane surface quantity, plane wing shape, plane wing area, whether the usage 襟 wing and good luck wing of fronts sew whether open etc.)
  1.Face the Cape to rise the influence of the dint and resistance- opposite current of air direction and the wing 弦 clip of angle call face the Cape.Under the condition that airspeed waits other conditions same, get biggest rise the dint to face the Cape, be called critical face the Cape.The aggrandizement faces the Cape within the scope of small in critical face the Cape, rising the dint aggrandizement:Exceed critical and critical face the Cape after, then the aggrandizement faces the Cape, rising the dint to let up on the contrary.Face the Cape aggrandizement, the resistance is also more big, facing the Cape more big, the resistance increment is more many:Exceed critical face the Cape, the nasty play of resistance enlarge.
  2.Airspeed and the air density to rise the influence- airspeed of the dint resistance to rise the dint, resistance more and greatly more big.Rise dint, resistance and the square in direct proportion of the airspeeds, as soon as possible the degree enlarge originally of 200%, rise the dint and resistances to enlarge originally of 400%:The speed enlarges the original triple, the victory and resistances also will enlarge originally of 900%.The air density is big, the air motive is big, rising the dint and resistances nature also big.The air density aggrandizement is original of 200%, rise the dint and resistances to also enlarge for originally of 200%, then rise the dint and resistances and air density in direct proportions.
  3, the plane wing area, shape and the surface quantity to rise the influence- plane wing area of the dint, resistance big, rise the dint big, the resistance is also big.Rise the dint and resistanceses all with the size in direct proportion of the plane wing area.The plane wing shape affects towards rising the dint, resistance to have very greatly, slicing the position that face the opposite thickness, biggest thickness position, plane wing flat surface shape, wing of 襟 of the shape and the good luck wing of the fronts\' sew to the plane wing to freeze from the plane wing all to rise the dint, the resistance influence to compare greatly.Still have the smooth the airplane surface or not there will be the influence towards rubbing the resistance also, the airplane surface is opposite and smooth, the resistance is opposite and also would be smaller, whereas then big.

Fly the principle brief introduction( two)

  The airplane can fly at liberty in the sky, what to depend is an airplane pilot right to airplane of operation.The airplane pilot operates the airplane, is air motive and the dint 矩s that makes use of the accelerator, pole, the rudder change airplane, thus change the flight appearance.For the sake of the operation principle of the solution airplane we need to know the balance, stability and operability etc. of the airplane the related knowledge.The underneath start the synopsis explain in detail from these three aspects airplane of flight operation principle.
  Everyone for let technical term comprehend among them, we introduce some foundation knowledge first:The center of gravity and airplanes of the airplane sit to mark the stalk.
  The center of gravity of the airplane:Each parts fuel, passenger, goods of the airplane etc. gravity and is an aero gravity, airplane gravity of put forth effort to order to be called the airplane center of gravity.
  The sit of airplane marks the stalk to also call the machine body stalk take the machine body as the basis, passing the airplane center of gravity three to sit to mark the stalk perpendicularly mutually.
A, the balance of the airplane, stability and operability
  ( A).The balance of the airplane mean function in each dint of airplane and is zero, each dint 矩 that each dint center of gravity constitute it and also is zero.When airplane be placed in the equilibrium, the size and directionses of the airplane speed all keep constant, also not round the center of gravity to turn to move.The balance of the airplane includes the equilibrium and horizontal side balance of the 俯仰 balance, direction.
  The balance of 俯仰 of the airplane of ① mean function in each 俯  仰 dint 矩 of airplane it and is zero.Airplane after achieve the balance not round the stalk of 纵 to turn to move, face the Cape to keep constant.The function is a lot of in the 俯仰  dint 矩 of the airplane, mainly having:Plane wing dint 矩 , the level tail  wing dint 矩 and pull the dint( push the dint) dint 矩 .
  Affect the factor of the 俯仰 balance:Add and subtract the accelerator, accept to put the wing of 襟 and accept to put to rise and fall the and center of gravities to change etc..Fly medium, the factor that affects the airplane 俯仰 is ever-present.Balance for keeping the 俯仰 of the airplane, the airplane pilot can move to drive the pole to deflect to ascend and descend the rudder or usages  adjustment slice in front and back, producing to manipulate the dint 矩 , keep the balance of the dint 矩 .
  The direction balance of the airplane of ② is is a function in airplane each to deflect the dint 矩 it and is zero.Airplane after achieve the direction balance not round to sign the stalk to turn to move, the slippery Cape of side is constant or have no side slippery Cape.
  Affect the factor of the airplane direction balance:The airplane part plane wing transform, or so two  wing resistances do not wait;Launch the machine airplane more, the or so both sides launches the machine work  appearance dissimilarity, or launch the machine parking simultaneously, thus produce the dissymmetry to pull the dint;The propeller launches the machine, the accelerator change, the propeller slips to flow the causable rudder and speed brake  dint 矩 to change immediately.Overcome the method most effectively when the direction balance of the airplane be subjected to break is an appropriate rudder of 蹬 or usage the direction rudder adjusts the slice, making use of to deflect the output direction of the direction rudder to manipulate the dint 矩 to come to balance to make a dint 矩 for deflect of machine, the direction that thus keep the airplane balance.
  The horizontal side balance of the ③ airplane is is a function in airplane each to roll to turn the dint 矩 it and is zero.Airplane after achieve the horizontal side balance not round the stalk of 纵 to roll to turn, the slope is constant or have no slope.The function turns the dint 矩 in the roll of airplane, mainly having two wings to rise the dint to the dint 矩 that center of gravity become:Recoil 矩 for propeller to revolve.
  Affect horizontal side balance of the airplane:The airplane part plane wing transform, two wings rise the dint not to wait;The propeller launches the machine, the accelerator change, the propeller recoil 矩 changes immediately;Or so ambulation( consume the amount of oil such as two  wing fuel tanks not to wait) of center of gravity, two wings rise the dint arm that the dint function orders to the center of gravity to change, becoming the affixture to roll to turn the dint 矩 .When the horizontal side balance of the airplane be subjected to break, the airplane pilot holds the balance the most valid method is appropriate or so press to drive the pole or use the vice- wing  adjustment slice, make use of to deflect the vice- wing output of the dint 矩 that horizontal side manipulates the dint 矩 to come to balance to make airplane roll turn, to keep the horizontal side balance of the airplane.Equilibrium and horizontal side of the direction of the airplane the balance contacts mutually, interdependent, the direction balance is subjected to the breakage, such as not revise and then will cause the breakage of the horizontal side balance.
  ( Two).The stability of the airplane is to fly medium, be the airplane to is move( such as gust wind, launch the machine work unbalance, the rudder face of occasionally deflect etc.) by small 扰 but deviate the original equilibrium, and after 扰 move disappear, don\'t was manipulate by airplane pilot, the automatic instauration of airplane is originally the characteristic of the equilibrium.The stability of the airplane include:The stability of 俯仰 , the direction stability and horizontal side stability.
  The airplane stabilizes sex of of strong or weak, generally from swing the 衰 reduces time, the swing range, the swing number of times to measure.After airplane is move by 扰 , recover originally the equilibrium time is more short, swinging the range more small, the swing number of times is more little, the stability of the airplane is more strong.
  The airplane stabilizes the strong or weak of sex, the variety that mainly be decided by the center of gravity position, airspeed, flight level of the airplane and face the Cape.
  ( Three).In addition to having the stability of the necessity, the airplane should still have the good operability, then can guarantee thus the flight that airplane pilot has intention to know.
  The operability of the airplane points the airplane only to manipulate to ascend and descend the rudder, the direction rudder and vice- wings at the airplane pilot under change the characteristic that it flies the appearance.Manipulate the action simple, labor-saving, the airplane respond quickly, operability good, whereas then not.The manipulate of airplane sex includes the 俯仰 to manipulate sex, direction to manipulate sex and horizontal sides to manipulate sex equally.
  The 俯仰 of the airplane of ① manipulates sex is an airplane pilot to manipulate to drive the pole to make ascend and descend after rudder deflect, the airplane rounds the horizontal stalk to turn to move but change to face the Cape etc. flies the characteristic of the appearance.In straightly fly, the airplane pilot pulls to drive the pole backward, ascending and descend the rudder to heading up to deflect an angle, the creation gets down on the level tail wing of attach and rise dint, become the 俯仰  operation dint 矩 to the airplane center of gravity, force the machine head up the 仰 , face the Cape aggrandizement.Drive in front and back each position of pole to face the Cape or airspeeds towards should wear first.
  Fly medium, ascend and descend the rudder to deflect the Cape more big, the current of air motive is more big, ascending and descend the air on the rudder motive also more big, thus the 枢 stalk  dint 矩 is also more big, the pole dint( the airplane pilot manipulates the dint that drive pole\'s infliction) need is also more big.In imitate fly, if usage the dint of the Microsoft give something back to this kind of dint of joystick can experience personally.
  The direction of the airplane of ② manipulates sex, is after airplane pilot manipulate the direction rudder, the airplane rounds to sign the stalk to deflect but change the slippery Cape of its side...etc. to fly the characteristic.With the 俯 angle of elevation likeness, in straightly fly, each feet  蹬 position, to should wear a side slippery Cape, right rudder of 蹬 , airplane creation left side slippery;Left rudder of 蹬 , the airplane creation right side is slippery.
  After the direction rudder deflect, the same creation  direction rudder  枢 stalk  dint 矩 , the airplane pilot need to make an effort the rudder of 蹬 and then can keep the direction rudder to deflect the Cape constant.The direction rudder deflects the Cape more big, the spirit moves to press more big, the 蹬 rudder dint is more big.
  The horizontal side of the ③ airplane manipulate sex to mean after airplane pilot manipulate vice- wing, the airplane rounds the stalk of 纵 to roll to turn but change to roll to turn the characteristic that the Cape speed, slope...etc. flies the appearance.For example:Airplane pilot to left press to drive the dish, a wing descend be partial to, the right wing rises the dint aggrandizement, being partial to on a wing, the left wing rises the dint to let up, two wings rise the bad dint, becoming the horizontal side to manipulate the dint 矩 , making airplane rolled to turn toward left acceleration. In horizontal side manipulate, each position that driver\'s dish is or so to turn to move, all roll to turn the Cape speed towards should wear first.Drive the dish or so become the dynamic angle more big, roll to turn the Cape speed more big. If the airplane pilot wants to want to keep the certain slope, must at near to schedule to slope turn dish returns to the neutral position, remove the horizontal side to manipulate the dint 矩 , in the horizontal side 阻 under the arrestment of the dint 矩 , make roll to turn the Cape speed to disappear.Sometimes, the opposite side that airplane pilot even can roll to turn toward airplane presses to drive the dish 1:00, stopping the airplane to roll to turn quickly, making airplane attained the flight slope of schedule to accurately.
  The manipulate of airplane sex is not inflexible, it want to be under the influence of the check and supervision of many factors, the airplane manipulate the factor of sex contain the airplane center of gravity position move in front and back, flying speed, flight level, face the Cape etc..

Fly the principle brief introduction( three)

  This part we want to understand the most simple sport form of airplane:Even fly, rising and descend.
  Even fly, rising and descend what to point is an airplane and neither take to tilt to one side nor take etc. that side slip to fly soon and straightly.This is also the most basic flight appearance of airplane.The airplane is even to fly, rising and descend the function is the most basic flight of airplane function, such as:Even fly the biggest speed, even fly the minimum speed, biggest rising Cape, biggest rising rate, rise the limit, least to descend the Cape, biggest descend to be apart from the etc., these are all the airplane pilot to want to study and control first of.
A. Even fly
  The airplane makes etc. horizontal flight soon and straightly, call even fly. Even fly the medium function to rise the dint, gravity and pull the dint( or push the dint) and resistances in the outside dint of the airplane.Even fly, the airplane did not turn to move, the dint 矩 of the center of gravity for each dint is equilibrium mutually, and above-mentioned each dint all passes the airplane center of gravity.In order to keep even to fly, need to be have to rise the dint enough with the weight of the balance airplane, for produce this rise the dint need of airspeed, call even fly the speed influence needed even fly the factor of need the speed:
  The airplane weight under the condition of other factors are all constant, the airplane weight is more heavy, for keeping even to fly need of rise the dint more big, past and even fly the speed needed also more big.Contrary, the airplane weight is more light, even fly the speed needed more small.
  The plane wing area  plane wing area is big, rising the dint also big.For acquiring the same to rise the dint greatly with the equilibrium airplane weight, need even fly the speed small.Whereas, the plane wing area is small, even fly the speed needed big.
  The air density  air density is small, rising the dint also small, for acquiring the same to rise the dint greatly with the equilibrium airplane weight, even fly the speed needed to enlarge.Whereas, the air density is big, even fly the speed needed to let up, the size of the air density is with flight level and should high air temperature air pressure but variety of, the flight level go up, or at same height up, the air temperature go up or the air pressure lower, the air densities will let up.Whereas aggrandizement.
  Rise the dint coefficient rises the dint coefficient big, even fly the speed needed small.Because, rise the dint coefficient big, rise the dint big, need the smaller speed and can acquire the equilibrium airplane weight to rise the dint only.Whereas, rise the dint coefficient small, even fly the speed needed big.
  But rise the size of the dint coefficient and decide the size that faces the Cape in the airplane and increase the usage circumstance of rise the device. Face the Cape dissimilarity, open the dint coefficient dissimilarity, even fly the speed needed also dissimilarity.Within the scope of small in critical face the Cape of, use to face the Cape greatly even fly, rise the dint coefficient big, even fly the speed needed small, use small face the Cape even fly, rise the dint coefficient small, even fly the speed needed big, is to say, even fly in each face the Cape to all have a with it to should of even fly the speed needed.
  Increase the usage circumstance dissimilarity of rise the device, rise the dint coefficient size also different, even fly the speed needed and also will descend similar.( Ratio if put the 襟 wing take-off, because of rising the dint coefficient greatly, for the speed that equilibrium airplane weight need small, then leave a ground of speed small, the take-off slips to run distance short).
  1. Biggest and even fly the speed, under the certain height and weights, launch the machine to fill up the tank the door, the stability that airplane can attain is even to fly the speed, is an airplane at should highly up of biggest and even fly the speed. Even fly the biggest speed is theoretically the airplane even fly the biggest speed that can attain, not physically biggest usage speed in airplane, because of the airplane strength etc. limit, the biggest usage speed compare even fly the biggest speed and may want to be small.For example the trident airplane, at the sea level, standard atmosphere, all accept the appearance under, even fly the biggest speed as 480 nautical miles/ hours, but biggest use the speed to then designate as 365 nautical miles/ hours.
  2. Even fly the minimum speed, is the airplane makes etc. soon even fly can keep of minimum speed.If have and can use to pull the dint or can work hard the rate enough, so even fly the size of the minimum speed to be subjected to biggest rise the restrict of the dint coefficient.Because critical face the Cape to rise the dint coefficient biggest, so with critical face the Cape opposite should of even fly the speed( lose soon speed), is even to fly the minimum speed. To the request of the airplane, it is even to fly the minimum speed more small more good, because of even fly the minimum speed more small, the airplane can connect the ground with the smaller speed, landing the function aeroly with the improvement. Critical face the Cape to should of even fly the speed, minimum theories speed that is even to fly.Fall into trap the airplane to near to physically critical face the Cape, because plane wing last the current of air separates seriously, the airplane appears the mightiness to tremble to move, airplane not only lose easily soon and stability, manipulate sex all bad.So want actually is even with that speed fly is impossible.For the assurance safe, the usage that face to the flight the Cape should stay to have the certain amount of remaining, disallow at critical face the Cape appearance flight.
  3. Even fly beneficial speed be with beneficial the speed that face the Cape to keep even to fly.With the beneficial speed even fly, rise the 阻 to compare biggest and even fly the resistance minimum, the distance is farther.
  4. The economic speed is with the minimum to need the speed that the power makes the level flight.Use the economic speed even fly the power needed minimum, namely use and launch the power of the machine minimum, compare the province oil, sail hour longer.With the economic speed opposite should of face the Cape, call the economy face the Cape.
  In evenly fly the change speed of basic manipulate method is:To enlarge even fly the speed, must the enlargement accelerator, and pushed to drive the pole before with the aggrandizement of the speed;Manage together, to let up even fly the speed and then must accept an accelerator, and let up to pull to drive the pole and then along with the speed.Also is to say, from an even fly the appearance to change the another fly the appearance, must manipulate the accelerator and driver at the same time pole.In addition, to the propeller airplane just necessarily an influence that wants to revise because add and subtract the accelerator but causable propeller side effect. But must point out, the above-mentioned change is even to fly the speed to manipulate the regulation to only have within the scope of big in economic speed of just in keeping with.
Two. Rising
  The airplane follows etc. that heading up slant track\'s make to fly and then call the rising soon and straightly.The rising is basic method that the airplane obtains the height.The function flies the homology peaceably in the outside dint of the airplane in the rising, rising the dint, gravity and pulling the dint( or push the dint) and resistances.
The rising function of the airplane mainly includes the biggest rising Cape, biggest rising rate, the rising time and rising limit.
  1.Rise the Cape and the rising steps degrees
  Rise the Cape is the airplane rising track and of the horizons clip the Cape.Rise the Cape more big, after explaining the level of the process same distance, the height that rise is more high.Rising the specific value that height and level distance, is to rise the steps degree.The surplus of the airplane pulls the dint( or the surplus push the dint) more big, or the airplane weight is more light, then rising the Cape and the rising steps degrees are more big.
  2. The rising rate and most quickly rise the speed
  In the rising, the height airplane rise every second, call the rising rate, also call rise the perpendicular speed, the rising rate is more big, express that the airplane rises the certain height need of time is more short, the airplane can obtain the high degree quickly.So say, the biggest rising rate of the airplane is one of the important flight functions of airplane. The surplus power is more big, or the more light power of the airplane weight is more big. Because the process of the airplane rising, physically be the surplus power become certainly ability of process.Under the condition of the airplane weight is constant, the surplus power is more big, the airplane is augmentative in the unit time certainly the ability is more many, the rising rate also more big.Under the condition of the surplus power is certain, the airplane weight is more light, the buoyant height is more high in the unit time, the rising rate also more big. Rise the main decision of the size of the rate under the condition of weight is certain in the size of the surplus power, but the size of the surplus power is decide in the accelerator position and rising speeds again.Under the condition of the accelerator position is certain, use the different speed rising, because of the surplus power  size dissimilarity, the rising rate size also dissimilarity.To the low speed propeller airplane, fill up the tank the door, at the beneficial speed neighborhood, the surplus power is biggest, so use to look like the speed rising of the beneficial speed, can get the biggest rising rate.
  3. Rise time and the rising limit
  The variety decision of the rising rate in the variety of the surplus power.So, the rising rate with the variety of the flight level, also decision in the surplus power with the variety of the flight level. Can make sure an airplane in the biggest rising rate of the each flight level and most quickly rise the speed.At the sum settles the height above, along with the go up of height, the power that launches the machine to send out let up, can work hard the rate to let up, the surplus power lets up immediately.So, the biggest rising rate has been let up along with the go up of height. Now that biggest rising rate with height of increment want to has been let up, rise so certain height, the rising rate certanly will reduce small to zero.At this time the airplane is impossible to continue again to rise.The rising rate be equal to zero of be called highly to rise the limit theoretically, call the theories to rise the limit.
  The airplane rises to schedule to the high need most short time, call rise time.
  Airplane from even fly to turn into the rising basic to manipulate method is:The enlargement accelerator arrives to schedule to position, soft at the same time and pull to drive the pole behind, make airplane turned into the rising gradually, and go to near to schedule to rise the Cape( the rising rate), push to drive the pole before namely, in order to make airplane stabilize in the reserved rising Cape.When it\'s necessary, adjust the accelerator. with keep the reserved rising speed.To the propeller airplane, should still notice the influence of revise the propeller side effect. The airplane is turn by the rising to go into even fly, the airplane pilot should push to drive the pole before, letting up to face the Cape, toed let up to rise the dint.Only rise the dint small in gravity the penny dint, the centrifugal force that the airplane creation get down is after, airplane sport the track would get down the flection, just may turn go into even fly.
  The airplane is turn by the rising to go into even fly basic to manipulate method is:Pushed to drive the pole to let up to rise the dint mildly and before, at the same time accept the small accelerator, make airplane turned to go into gradually even fly, treat to rise the Cape to near to zero:00, pull to drive the dish to keep even to fly behind namely.Adjust the accelerator when it\'s necessary, to keep etc. soon even fly, to the propeller airplane, should still notice the influence of revise the propeller side effect.
Three. Descend
  The airplane follows etc. that get down slant track\'s make to fly and then call descend soon and straightly.It is basic method that the airplane lowers the height to descend.Descend the medium function in the airplane of outside dint fly the homology peaceably, rise the dint, gravity and pull the dint( or push the dint) and resistances.The descend of airplane can use according to the demand just pull the dint, zero pull the dint or take to pull the dint to carry on.Pull the dint look like in zero( shut the accelerator) of descend and call fall.
  The descend of airplane function mainly includes the least to descend the Cape, least to descend the rate and biggest descend the distance.
  1. Descend the Cape and descend the rate
  Descend of the track and horizon clips the Cape to call descend the Cape.The height airplane lower every second call descend the rate.Descend the rate more big, the airplane lower highly more quick, descend certain height of time is short.
  2. Descend the distance
  The airplane descends the level that certain height pass distance, call descend the distance.Descend the length of the distance, be decided by to descend the height and descend the Cape.Descend the height more high, descend the Cape more small, descend the distance more long.With beneficial face the Cape to descend, because of rising the 阻 to compare biggest, descend the Cape minimum, so descend distance the most long.Can acquire biggest descend to be apart from of descend the speed, be called biggest descend the distance to descend the speed.To zero pull the dint fall, the biggest fall is apart from the speed to be equal to the beneficial speed. Every make rise the 阻 to compare to let up, the factor that descends the Cape aggrandizement will make descend the distance to shorten.Such as at put to rise and fall the , wing of 襟 , the airplane freezes to wait under circumstance, rise the 阻 to compare to let up, descend the Cape aggrandizement, descend the distance to shorten, the airplane use take to pull When the dint descend, descend the Cape aggrandizement, descend distance to shorten. Fly medium often can according to glide the size of the ratio to descend the length of the distance to the estimate of.Glide the ratio is descend the distance and descend height of ratio.Glide the ratio be the airplane lowers one meter each time highly go forward of distance.Under the condition of height is certain, glide the ratio more big, descend the distance more long.Under the condition that calm and zero pull the dint, glide the ratio to be equal to the airplane to rise the 阻 to compare.
  Descend of manipulate the principle
  Manipulate to drive the pole change to descend the Cape.Descend the speed and descend the rate and descend the distance in stabilize of descend, a faces the Cape to should a descends the speed.Move to drive the pole change to face the Cape, can correspond a ground of change to descend the speed, descend the Cape and descend the rate and descend the distance.Within the scope of descend first, drive the pole after, face the Cape aggrandizement, rise the dint coefficient to enlarge, descend the speed to let up, descend the Cape to let up, descend the rate to let up, descend the distance growth, anti-, before pushed to drive the dish, descend the speed aggrandizement, descend the Cape and descended the rate aggrandizement, descend the distance to shorten, use beneficial face the Cape under decline, descend the Cape most, descend the distance farthest.Face the Cape to descend with the economy, descend the rate least. Descend medium, mainly is to manipulate to drive the dish and accelerators, keep good to descend the speed and descend the Cape.As long as the accelerator positions to place in the rules, manipulating to drive the pole to keep the descend of good provision speed, can be schedule to of descend the Cape.
  Add, reducing the accelerator change descends the Cape and descends the distance.Descend medium, drive the dish motionless, then face the Cape to keep next to change, accelerate can make descend the Cape to let up, descending the speed to increase slightly greatly, descend the distance growth, reduce the accelerator and can make descend the Cape aggrandizement, descend the speed to let up slightly, descend the distance to shorten. Accelerate, pull the dint aggrandizement, descend the speed aggrandizement, rise, the resistance enlarge.
  Airplane from even fly to turn to go in to descend basic to manipulate the method generally is:Soft pushed to drive the dish before, toed let up to face the Cape, make airplane turned to go in to descend gradually, accept the small accelerator at the same time, let up to pull the dint.Need the airplane nears to schedule to of descend the Cape( descend the rate), should pull to drive the dish behind in time, keep the good default to descend the Cape to descend.
  The airplane is become by the fall even fly basic to manipulate method is:The enlargement accelerator go to even fly the position, pull to drive the dish to descend by let up the Cape behind mildly at the same time, need the airplane to near to even fly the appearance, should return to dish forward, keep even to fly.

Fly the principle brief introduction( four)

  Airplane of every time fly, in spite of fly what lesson eyes, also in spite of fly many high, fly how long, always with take-off beginning with land the be over. Take-off and land to fly medium two important linkses each time.So, we need to control the good take-off and the technique for land first.
A. Skidding
  The airplane does not exceed the prescriptive speed, the straight line or curves makes in the ground the sport calls the skidding.
  To the basic request of the skidding is:The airplane starts skid fair and softly, keep the good speed and directions in the skidding, and make the airplane be able to stop the position in default.The airplane starts move from the quiet, pull the dint or push the dint and must be big in the biggest quiet friction, past the airplane starts skid hour should proper be enlargement accelerator.After airplane start move, the friction let up, then should consider the quantity to let up the accelerator, in order to prevent the acceleration is too quick, keeping to rise slippery steady. In the skidding, if to enlarge to skid the speed, should soft enlargement accelerator, make pull the dint or push the dint big in friction, the creation acceleration, make speed enlarge, to let up to skid the speed, then should accept the small accelerator, when it\'s necessary, can use the brake.
Two. Take-off
  Airplane from start slip to run to leave the ground, and the sport process that rise the certain height, be called the take-off.
  The airplane take off of manipulate the principle
  The airplane slips to run to leave the ground to go up the sky from the ground, is because rising the dint to enlarge continuously, until big in the result of the airplane gravity.But only have to be the airplane speed to enlarge certain, just may produce good enough to support the airplane rises the dint gravity.It is thus clear that the take-off of the airplane is the acceleration process that a speed increases continuously.The surplus pull the dint  smaller piston  type propeller airplane of take-off process, can is divided into the take-off to slip to run, leave the ground, small angle rising( or an even fly) and rise four stages generally. To have the propeller airplane that the enough surplus pulls the dint, or have the enough surplus pushes the dint of jet plane, because of can make airplane add soon and rise, the past take-off divides three stages generally and only, then rise to slip to run, leave the ground and risings.
  ( A) the eyes that take-off slips to run

Of is for enlarging the speed of the airplane, until be leave a ground of speed.Pull the dint or push the dint more big, the surplus pulls the dint or surplus to push the dint also more big, the airplane increase soon more quick.In the take-off, for increase against time soon, should push the accelerator to the biggest position.
  1.Lift the ex- round or lift the tail round
  Why does airplane of ex-3:00 to lift the ex- round?
  Airplane of ex-3:00 shuts down the Cape smaller, if slip to run the stages to all keep carriage to slip to run 3:00 in the whole take-off, then face the Cape and rise the dint coefficient smaller, wanting to enlarge speed very greatly by all means then can produce to rise the dint to make the airplane leave the ground enough, thus, slippery the distance of 咆 certanly will grow very much.Therefore, for letting up to leave a ground of speed, shorten to slip to run the distance, be the speed to enlarge to certain extent need to lift the ex- round to make carriage to slip to run 2:00, face the Cape and rise the dint coefficient with the aggrandizement.
  Lift the opportune moment and the height of the ex- round
  Lift the opportune moment of the ex- round not proper lead early or lead the night.Lift the ex- round lead early, speed still small, rise the dint and resistanceses all small, become of last the 仰 dint 矩 is also small.Want ten ex- rounds, must make the level tail wing produce the bigger last 仰 dint 矩 , but under the condition of small speed, the output and additional air motive of the level tail wing is also small, toing produce the lord enough of up the 仰 dint 矩 needs to pull pole more.Result, enlarge along with slippery turn of speed degree, ascending the 仰 dint 矩 will enlarge quickly again, the airplane pilot wants to keep the equilibrium of lift the ex- 伦 , certanly will want to use again bigger manipulate the quantity to carry on the back and forth correction, give manipulate to bring the difficulty.At the same time, lift the ex- round to lead drought, make the airplane resistance increase big but increase the take-off distance.If lift the ex- round to lead the night, not only make slip to run the distance growth, but also return because of pulling the pole to lift the ex- round to leave time of the ground very short, the height that airplane pilot revises the ex- round to lift not easily but keep the adequacy of leave the ground to face the Cape.Even make rise the dint 突 to increase easily a lot of but result in airplane left the ground suddenly.The each airplane lifts the speed of the ex- round to all have it the concrete provision. The ex- round lift height should at the right moment keep the airplane to leave the ground to need of face the Cape, the ex- round lifts low, certanly will make face the Cape and rise the dint coefficient to lead small, leave a ground of speed aggrandizement, slip to run the distance growth, the ex- round lifts high, slip to run the distance although can shorten, because of the airplane resistance big, take-off distance will increase, and face the Cape and rise the dint coefficient over greatly, again certanly will result in face greatly the small speed of Cape leave the ground, after leaving the ground, airplane of stability live differ manipulate sex also not good.The angle of elevation lead greatly, may still result in the machine tail wipe the ground.From since to guarantee that the safety wants to shorten to slip the request of run the distance to set out again, the ex- round of each airplane lifts the heights to have it the concrete provision.Airplane pilot can from flew the on board indicator of 俯仰 or judge from the relation position of the machine head and the world line a height for lift whether adequacy.
  Empress 3:00 airplane why to lift the tail round
  The empress 3:00 airplane and front airplane compares 3:00, shutting down the Cape more and greatly, so slip to run to win to face the Cape to compare 3:00 greatly, near to it critical face the Cape, if whole slip to run the stages to all keep to slip to run 3:00, rise the dint coefficient more and greatly, the airplane can produce to rise the dint to make the airplane leave the ground enough under the smaller speed.Slip to run at this time although the distance is very short, face the small speed of Cape to leave the ground greatly after, the airplane stability manipulates sex all bad, even may lose soon.So empress 3:00 airplane, be slippery the turn of speed degree enlarge certain, the airplane pilot should push to drive the pole before, lifting the machine tail to make to slipped to run 2:00, toed let up to face the Cape.Lift the ex- round 3:00 with ex- irplane is similar, for the sake of since the assurance safety, and then shorten to slip to run the distance, must lift the machine tail with accuracy in good time.Lift the machine tail lead early or lead the night, lead high or lead low, not only will increase to slip to run the distance, take off the distance, but also will endanger the flight safety.The each airplane lifts the speed and heights of the machine tail to also all have it the concrete provision.
  2. Keep slippery to run the direction
  To the propeller airplane, the take-off slips to run to win the main reason that cause airplane\'s deflect is the side effect of the propeller. The take-off slips to run medium, the opposite side that the recoil 矩 the dint diagram of the propeller makes airplane revolved toward propeller tilt to one side, result in two main round not to the function dint of the ground etc., thus make two  frictions of the main rounds not wait, bad two frictions deflect the dint 矩 to the center of gravities formation.The propeller slips to flow the function to also produce the lord to deflect the dint 矩 on the rudder and speed brake.Ex-3:00 flies the machine to lift the ex- round and empress airplane lifts the tail round 3:00, propeller of into the action use also will make airplane the creation deflect.The action that adds and subtract the accelerator and push to pull the 笃 to drive the pole is more thick fierce, the propeller side effect influence is more big.In order to ease the influence of the propeller side effect, action that accelerates and pushes to pull to drive the pole should soft adequacy.Slip to run the ex- segment, because of the effect of the rudder bad, can keep slippery to run the direction with the method that deflect the ex- round and put on brakes generally.After slipping to run segment application rudder to keep slippery to run the direction.Enlarge continuously along with the slippery turn of speed degree, the effect of the direction rudder raises continuously, should return to rudder, to keep slippery run the direction.
  Blow out gas the airplane take-off slips to run the direction to keep easily, its reason is;One is to blow out gas the airplanes are all airplanes of ex-3:00s, but 3:00 airplane in the front has the good direction of compare to stabilize in slip run, two is an influence that have no propeller side effect, so while accelerating and lifting the ex- round, the airplane will not produce the lord to deflect.
  ( Two) be the speed to enlarge certain, rise the dint slightly big in gravity, the airplane can immediately leave the ground.Leave a ground of function of hour in the dint of the airplane.Rise the dint at this time big in gravity, pull the dint or push the dint big in resistance.
  Leave the ground of manipulate the action, airplane of ex-3:00 are different from empress 3:00.Airplane of ex-3:00 is make airplane make slip 2:00 something to run because the airplane pilot pull the pole creation to manipulate the dint 矩 up the 仰 ,.Along with slip the aggrandizement of run the speed, top the 仰 dint 矩 enlarge, face the Cape and will enlarge.Although the airplane pilot pushes the pole continuously and forward to keep to slip to run the carriage 2:00, the original 俯  仰 dint  矩 balance always was continuously break with the aggrandizement of the speed, while arriving to leave a ground of speed, face the Cape and still there will be the trend of the automatic aggrandizement.So, airplane of ex-3:00 generally is all to wait it to leave the ground automatically. The empress 3:00 airplane not, the airplane arrives to leave a ground of speed, all needing to take the pole aggrandizement to face the Cape generally to leave the ground and then.This is because the empress 3:00 airplane is in 2:00 slip run, the airplane pilot pushed the pole before, under was partial to ascend and descend the rudder to keep of, enlarge along with the speed, descend the 俯 to manipulate the dint 矩 to enlarge, will make face the Cape to let up, although the airplane pilot takes the pole continuously with keep to slip to run 2:00, while arriving to leave a ground of speed, face the trend that the Cape still will let up.So, must take the pole aggrandizement to face the Cape airplane and then can leave the ground backward.The empress 3:00 airplane, the exactitude controls to leave a ground of opportune moment is very important.Leave the ground lead early or lead the night, will give fly bring the disadvantage. After the machine round leave the ground, a friction of machine disappear, the airplane has up the trend of 仰 , should face the pole to stop forward.To the spiral syrup airplane, a friction of machine 矩 also disappears, the airplane contain trend that revolves the direction to deflect toward propeller, applying the rudder to stop.
  ( Three) an even fly or the small angle rising pulls the spiral syrup airplane of smaller piston type of dint to the surplus, the airplane leave a ground of still come short of still need of rising speed, so need to be make an even fly or the small angle rising come to backlog speed.The airplane faces the pole forward highly in 12 meters after leave the ground, letting up to face the Cape, making airplane even to fly the acceleration or make the small angle rising acceleration.When airplane just leave the ground, it is not proper to use bigger rising Cape rising. Rise the Cape lead greatly, this will affect the airplane to increase soon, even endanger the safety. For letting up the resistance, easy to increase soon, the airplane highland after, be no lower than 5 meters generally to lay up to fall highly.Laying up to fall an opportune moment can\'t lead early or lead the night.Lead early, the airplane leave a ground of big and near, if the airplane have 俯 , may re- connect the ground, endanger the safety;Lead the night, the speed is consumedly, the resistance that rises and fall a creation is very big, increasing not easily soon, may still result in rise and fall receive good.In aly evenly fly or small angle rising, specially want to prevent°from appear slope, may make the airplane bump the ground because of the flight level is low at this time, if the airplane has the slope, will get down the side slippery.Therefore discover that the airplane contain slope should rectify in time.
  ( Four) be the speed to increase the provision, should be soft to take the pole to make airplane turn into stable rising, rise the provision height take-off stage be over.
  The factor influence take-off that affects the take-off to slip to run the distance slips to run to be apart from of trap the vegetable has the accelerator position and leaves the ground to face the Cape, wing of 襟 anti- place, the take-off weight, airport of elevation and air temperature, runway surface quantity, direction of wind wind velocity, the runway slope...etc..These factors are all the average accelerations that passes the influence to leave a ground of speed or take-offs to slip to run generally to affect the take-off to slip to run the distance of.
  The accelerator position accelerator is more big, the propeller pulls the dint or blows out gas to push the dint more big, the airplane increase soon and quickly, the take-off slips to run the distance short.So, general applied biggest power or the biggest accelerator appearance take-off.
  Leave the ground to face the Cape to leave a ground of face the Cape of size decide in lift the ex- round or lift the height of the machine tail.Leave the ground faces the Cape big, leave a ground of speed small, take off to slip to run the distance short.But leave the ground to face the Cape and can\'t lead greatly, leave the ground to face the Cape to lead greatly, descend the only meeting to make airplane increase prolong soon and slowly to slip to run the distance because of the airplane resistance is big, and will endanger to fly the safety directly therefore from since toes guarantee the flight that the safety wants to make slip to run distance again short set out, the each airplane all rules generally to leave the ground to face the Cape value most beneficially.
  The 襟 wing position lets go of the wing of 襟 , can enlarge to rise the dint coefficient, let up to leave a ground of speed, as a result can shorten the take-off to slip to run the distance.
  Take off the weight take-off weight aggrandizement, not only make the airplane leave a ground of speed aggrandizement, but also will cause a friction of machine increment, make the not easy acceleration of airplane.Therefore, take-off the weight enlarge, take off slip to run the distance growth.
  The elevation of the airport and the elevation or air temperature of the air temperature airports go up and would cause the air density let up, on putting to face to make pull the dint or push the dint to let up, the airplane acceleration is slow;On the other hand, leave a ground of speed aggrandizement, so the take-off slips to run to be apart from the inevitable growth.So in the blazing hot plateau  airport take-off, slip to run the distance to show the growth of 著 .
  The coefficient of friction of the runway surface  quantity  different runway  surface quantity, slip to run the distance also dissimilarity.If the runway surface is smooth and flat and solid, then the coefficient of friction is small, the friction is small, the airplane increase soon and quickly, the take-off slips to run distance short.Whereas rough gravamen of the runway surface or loose soft, the take-off slips to run distance long.
  When the direction of wind wind velocity take-off slip to run, rise the dint to make the airplane leave the ground enough for the sake of the creation, have the breeze or calms in spite of, leave a the ground get empty is certain soon of.But slip to run the distance is soon relevant with ground only, slip to run against the wind, leave a ground of soon small, so the take-off slip run the distance to compare the calm the hour is short.Contrarily then long.
  Slip to run the slope runway contain slope, will make the airplane accelerated force enlarge or let up.
Three. Land
  Airplane from certainly fall highly, the well land the ground slips to run to keep to go to is washed up athletic of the whole process, call land.
  The airplane land of manipulate the principle
  With the take-off contrary, land is the airplane height descend break to lower, the speed lets up continuously of sport process. Airplane from certainly make to land to descend highly, launch the machine to be placed in the local train work appearance, adopt the method of take the small accelerator fall to descend generally namely.When flight level be as low as to near to the ground, must at certain height up beginning after pull to drive the pole, make airplane been turn by the fall go into even float this is so-called to" even up". After machine even up, the airplane speed still compares greatly, can\'t connect the ground immediately. need to continue to let up the speed in leaving the ground 0.5-1 meters highly, this process that evens up to succeed to let up the speed continuously, is even to float.In this process, let up continuously along with the airspeed, the airplane pilot pulls to drive the pole to rise by keep the dint to be equal to the gravity after ising continuously.At leave the ground 0.15-0.25 meter, pull airplane connect the ground to need of face the Cape, rise the dint slightly small in gravity, the airplane is light and soft to float to fall to connect a ground of airplane to still need to slip to run to decelerate to keep go to after connect the ground stop, this slips to run to decelerate the process is to land to slip to run.  From top it is thus clear that, the airplane land the process and can is divided into five stages generally:Fall the segment, even up the segment, even float the segment and connect the ground and land to slip to run the segment.
( A)Even up
  Even up is the airplane is turn by the fall to go into even float of the curve sport process, namely airplane from the fall appearance turns to go in to look like even fly the appearance of process.In order to complete this process, the airplane pilot should pull the pole increment to face the Cape:Make rise the dint big in gravity the penny dint, bad this two dints for centrifugal force, promote airplane heading up compose the line sport, let up to fall the Cape.To some airplanes, because of putting the wing of 襟 after, ascend the 仰 dint 矩 to compare greatly, is usually balance that gets down a pole to keep the airplane in the fall, so start even up need the loose pole only, turn in to pull the pole gradually again behind.Pull the pole or loose poles enlarges to face the Cape, the resistance also enlarges at the same time, and let up continuously because of the fall Cape, the gravity also comes after to let up, so the resistance is big to let up continuously in the gravity airspeed.It is thus clear that the airplane is in even up stage, the fall Cape and the fall speeds let up gradually, lowering highly and continuously at the same time.Airplane pilot should according to the leave of airplane ground and bottom sink the circumstance of near to the ground, control like pull the weight and rate of speeds of the pole, make it match objective actual, then can attain the exactitude to even up.Such as height high, bottom sink slow, the Cape of 俯 is small, pull the action of the pole and should be appropriate slowly some;Whereas, height low, bottom sink quick, the Cape of 俯 is big, the action that pulls the pole should be appropriate quickly some.
( Two)Even float
  The airplane turns to go into even float after, under the function of the resistance, the speed lets up gradually, rising the dint to lower continuously.For making the airplane rise the dint and the airplane gravities to look like equal, make the airplane slow-moving bottom sink to near to the ground, the airplane pilot should correspond to pull the pole aggrandizement to face the Cape constantly, rising the dint with the exaltation.At leave the ground about the high full general airplane of 0.15-0.25 meters pull connect the ground to face the Cape carriage, the speed reduces to go to connect a ground of speed at the same time, is an airplane to connect the ground lightly.
  In evenly float process, airplane pilot should according to airplane under sink to correspond the ground to pull the pole backward with the circumstance for decelerate.Generally speaking:At even float the ex- segment, need of pull the amount of pole less.Because the aero speed compares at this time greatly, let up in the speed, rise When the dint let up, need only to pull the pole increment just a little to face the Cape a little amountly, can keep even to float need of rise the dint.If pull the amount of pole excessive, will make rise the dint 突 to increase, the airplane will float.
  At even float after segment, need of pull the amount of pole more.Because the aero speed is smaller at this time, if pull to amount of pole is homology to segment of front, the increment same faces Cape more, rising the dint increment small, the airplane will descend to sink quickly;In addition along with face the aggrandizement of the Cape, the resistance enlarge, the airplane decelerate quickly, also will make airplane quickly descend sink, so only pull pole more, facing the Cape increment much some, then can get need of rise the dint, make airplane descend sink the slowness.
  In fine, in evenly float, pull the opportune moment, weight, and rate of speed of the pole, from the speed of the airplane and under sink the circumstance to decide.The airplane speed is big, descending to sink slowly, pull the action of the pole and should be slowly some;Whereas, the speed is small, descending to sink quickly action of pull the pole should appropriate speed.
  In addition, for make airplane fair and softly press to schedule to the direction connects the ground, in evenly float process, returning the beard, the attention keeps the good direction with the rudder.If have the inclination, should revise with the consistent action of the pole rudder immediately.Therefore the hour faces the big speed of Cape small, the vice- wing effect is bad, the 姑 should make use of the direction rudder to support the vice- wing, namely to the slant opposite side  蹬 rudder, help the vice- wing to revise airplane of inclination.
( Three)Connect the ground
  The airplane is connecting a ground of front and willing